ABSTRACT
Objective Explore the influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression, with anxiety as a mediator and perceived social support and stress perception as moderates. Methods From February to March 2020, 1,196 valid data were collected online through questionnaire by cluster sampling method. Fear of COVID-19 Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used as the survey instrument, and the participants were female undergraduates from a liberal arts college of a Chinese university. Common method bias was assessed using Harman's single-factor test in SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The levels of participants' anxiety, depression and perceived social support were described using frequency and percentage, Pearson Correlation test was used to measure the correlation between the variables. The PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 1, Model 4, and Model 21) were applied to examine the mediating effect and moderating effect of the model. Results Fear of COVID-19 can positively influence depression, anxiety plays a mediating role between fear of COVID-19 and depression, perceived social support negatively moderates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety, and stress perception positively moderates the relationship between anxiety and depression. These five variables can form a moderated mediating effect model. Conclusion Fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception are risk factors for depression, perceived social support is a protective factor for depression. Reducing the fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception and enhancing perceived social support are beneficial to reduce the level of depression.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To describe patterns of utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Adult patients with COVID-19 who received TCM treatment were divided into a non-serious group (mild and moderate types) and a serious group (severe and critical types) according to their admission conditions. The medical records and prescriptions of these patients were investigated to determine their TCM utilization patterns. Results: In all, 3,872 COVID-19 patients were included. Oral Chinese traditional patent medicine (CPM) was the most commonly used type of TCM, followed by decoction. The proportion of multi-drug combinations was higher than single drug use (55.0% vs. 45.0%). Decoction combined with oral CPM was the most common combination (39.1%, 1,514/3,872). Orally administered, injected, and externally applied CPM were significantly more common in the serious group than in the non-serious, while decoction and non-drug TCM treatments were more common in the non-serious than in the serious group. Multi-drug combinations were used for the majority of patients in both groups, mainly in the form of decoctions combined with oral CPM. Among the serious patients, injected CPM was more often used in patients who died during treatment (35.0%, 36/103). The two most common medication patterns were decoction combined with oral CPM and oral CPM alone in the two finally discharged groups. Oral CPM alone or used in combination with injected CPM were seen most commonly in the death group. Significant differences were established in TCM utilization and medication patterns among patients in three groups who had different prognoses and outcomes. Conclusions: The treatment measures and medication patterns of TCM commonly used in COVID-19 patients with the range of conditions found in this study should be further explored in the future to provide a more complete reference for COVID-19 treatment.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, more and more new pathogenic respiratory viruses have been discovered, which has caused great problems for the prevention and control of port inspection and quarantine agencies. To establish detection systems for nine respiratory pathogens including influenza A virus (FluA) . influenza B virus (FluA) Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV-1 HPIV-2, HMV-3 HPTV-4), Corona virus (NL63, 0C43, 229E, HKUI, MERS), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) . Human paratyphovirus (HMPV) human bocavirus (Hbov), Adenovirus(Adv) and Rhinovirus(Rhv). The human 3 actin gene was selected as the target gene to design the internal primer and probe. Primers and probes based on conservative regions of 9 respiratory pathogens were designed. Appropriate RT -PCR Mastermix based on the Ultra Fast Real-time PCR G2 -4 platform were selected. The primer and probe concentrations were optimized and the sensitivity and specificity of the primers and probes were verified by the optimized amplification system. Retrospective examination was carried out on 100 clinical specimens examined by Nantong International Travel Health Clinic in 2018. A rapid amplification RT-PCR Mastermix was selected with optimized upper primer, downstream primer and probe of 16 respiratory pathogens at concentrations of 500 nmol/L, 500 nmol/L and 250 nmol/L, respectively. The upstream primers, downstream primers, and probes of the internal gene were at concentrations of 300 nmol/L, 300rtmol/L. and 150 nmol/L. respectively. Under this amplification system, the minimum detection limit for 9 respiratory pathogens was 1.0 X 103copies/mL, without cross-reaction . The accuracy of 100 clinical samples was 10094. Thus, a microfluid chip amplification system for rapid detection of 9 respiratory viruses was established, which can he used to qualitatively detect nine kinds of viral nucleic acids within 25 min.
ABSTRACT
Background: As of March 11, 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared as a pandemic. Expending our understanding of the transmission routes of the viral infection is crucial in controlling the outbreak. It is unclear whether the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) can directly infect the testes or male genital tract and be sexually transmitted from males. Methods: From January 31 to March 14, 2020, 12 patients in recovery and one patient died of COVID-19 were included in this descriptive study. The clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, chest CT scans and outcome data were recorded. To examine whether there is sexual transmission from male, we employed realtime polymerase chain reaction testing (RT-PCR) to detect 2019-nCov in semen or testicular biopsy specimen. Findings: The age range of the 12 patients in recovery was 22-38 years. None of the patients developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia. As of March 14, 2020, ten patients discharged from the hospital while the rest 2 had developed into recovery stage. All of the patients in recovery tested negative for 2019-nCoV RNA in semen samples. Another died patient was 67 years old, who died in March 10, 2020 and tissue sample via testicular biopsy was tested negative for viral RNA. Conclusion: No positive RT-PCR result was found in the semen or testicular biopsy specimen. The results from this study show no evidence of sexual transmission of 2019-nCov from males.